Electro Lab: Density based traffic control system using microcontroller

Nowadays, controlling the traffic becomes major issue because of rapid increase in automobiles and also because of large time delays between traffic lights. So, in order to rectify this problem, we will go for density based traffic lights system. In this system, we will use IR sensors to measure the traffic density. All the sensors are interfaced to the microcontroller. Based on these sensors, controller detects the traffic and controls the traffic system. 

Component:
1) LED 12pcs
2) Resistors 4pcs (10 kilo ohm)
3) Resistors 15pcs (330 ohm)
4) Atmega8
5) Potentiometer 4pcs
6) IR 4 pair
7) Battery 9v
8) Transistor BC547

9) Voltage divider (9v-5v)     

IR Sensor Circuit Arrangement

Connection Diagram:

Proteus Implementation for Simulation

Microcontroller Code: Click Here

Working Principle:

For implementation purpose four junction road is chosen to set up the system. Four IR sensor is set on the four roads to measure the density. The IR sensors work like a switch that made with IR and BJT ( BC547). Whenever traffic jam occurs the receiver of IR sensor do not get emitters ray and the signal passes through the Microcontroller. In this set up ATMEGA8 Microcontroller is used. The program is set on the microcontroller for different logics like:

a) When density is low or hgh in all roads the traffic signals run on normal way.

b) When any one road’s density is high and others are free then only that road will show green signal.

c) When any two roads are highly densed then the green signal only run on those two roads in a particular time delay and the others will remain on red signal.

d) c) When any three roads are highly densed then the green signal only run on those three roads in a particular time delay and the other one will remain on red signal.